FRIDAY, 3rd March, 2024
Essay- (9:30am - 11:30am)
Objective- (11:30am - 12:10pm)
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(1a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Cattle are ruminants with a complex four-chambered stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum), while poultry have a single-chambered stomach.
(ii) Cattle chew their cud and have the ability to ferment fibrous plant materials in the rumen, while poultry lack this capability.
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(iii) Cattle have a longer digestive tract compared to poultry, allowing for more efficient digestion of roughage and cellulose.
(iv) Poultry have a crop and a gizzard, which help grind and store food, while cattle do not have these structures.
(v) Cattle rely more on microbial fermentation in the rumen for nutrient absorption, while poultry have a shorter and more simple digestive system.
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(vi) The digestive enzymes and pH levels differ between the two species, with cattle being better adapted to digest fibrous plant materials.
(1b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Regularly administering effective anthelmintic (dewormers) to eliminate worms.
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(ii) Rotating grazing areas, avoiding overstocking, and properly managing manure to break the worm lifecycle.
(iii) Maintaining clean housing, feeders, and waterers to reduce worm transmission.
(iv) Providing a balanced diet and appropriate nutritional supplements to support the animal's immune response.
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(v) Introducing natural predators of worms, such as certain nematophagous fungi, to reduce worm populations.
(vi) Selecting animals with genetic resistance or tolerance to worm infections to gradually improve the herd's or flock's resilience.
(1c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Crossbreeding: Introducing genetic material from high-performing exotic breeds to improve the productivity and adaptability of local breeds.
(ii) Selective breeding: Identifying and selectively breeding the most desirable traits within the local breed population to enhance desirable characteristics.
(iii) Genomic selection: Utilizing genetic markers and genomic information to guide selective breeding programs and accelerate genetic progress.
(iv)Improving management practices: Optimizing feeding, housing, healthcare, and other management factors to support the expression of the local breed's genetic potential.
(1d)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) CREEP FEEDING
(i) Increased growth rate and weight gain in young animals
(ii) Improved feed conversion efficiency
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(iii) Enhanced immune function and disease resistance
(iv) Earlier weaning and transition to solid feed
(ii) DEHORNING
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Reduces the risk of injuries to animals and handlers
(ii) Prevents damage to housing, equipment, and other animals
(iii) Facilitates easier handling and management of the animals
(iv) Helps maintain a more uniform herd or flock appearance
(2a)
(i) Improved animal health and welfare.
(ii) Better control of environmental factors like temperature and humidity.
(iii) Reduced risk of disease transmission.
(iv) Increased productivity and growth rates.
(v) Enhanced reproductive performance.
(vi) Minimized stress levels leading to higher quality products.
(2b)
(i) Preventing aggression and injury among different age groups.
(ii) Avoiding competition for resources such as food and water.
(iii) Minimizing the spread of diseases between age groups.
(iv) Tailoring feeding and management practices to specific age-related needs.
(2c)
(i) Cleaning and disinfecting the entire facility.
(ii) Checking and calibrating heating equipment to maintain appropriate temperature levels.
(iii) Providing clean bedding material.
(iv) Ensuring adequate ventilation.
(v) Setting up feeders and drinkers with fresh water and appropriate chick feed.
(2d)
(i) Pelt: Sheep
(ii) Bristle: Pig
(iii) Mohair: Angora goat
(iv) Veal: Calf (young cattle)
(v) Lard: Pig
(3a)
(i)breed: Breed refers to a specific group of animals that share common characteristics and traits, such as appearance, behavior, and genetic makeup, that distinguish them from other groups within the same species.
(ii)genotype: genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual animal, comprising the specific combination of alleles (alternative forms of genes) it inherits from its parents.
(iii) Hybrid: hybrid refers to an individual resulting from the crossbreeding of two different breeds or species within the same genus.
(3b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i)Loss of Genetic Diversity
(ii)Increased Expression of Undesirable Traits
(iii)Decreased Fitness and Vigor
(iv)Inbreeding Depression
(v)Loss of Adaptability
(vi)Reduced Production Efficiency
(3c)
(i)Plant Protein Sources:
(Pick Any Two)
(i)Soybean meal
(ii)Cottonseed meal
(iii)Canola meal
(iv)Pea protein
(ii)Animal Protein Sources:
(Pick Any Two)
(i)Fish meal
(ii)Meat meal (rendered from various animal tissues)
(iii)Blood meal
(iv)Feather meal
(iii)Fiber Sources:
(Pick Any Two)
(i)Alfalfa hay
(ii)Timothy hay
(iii)Corn stalks
(ivWheat straw
(3d)
(Pick Any Four)
(i)Limited Access to Technology
(ii)High Cost of Implementation
(iii)Limited Extension Services
(iv)Cultural and Religious Beliefs
(v)Lack of Awareness and Education
(vi)Preference for Natural Breeding
(5a)
(i) Improved growth rates and feed conversion efficiency.
(ii) Enhanced immune function, leading to reduced disease incidence.
(iii) Better nutrient absorption and utilization.
(iv) Increased egg production and quality.
(v) Enhanced meat quality and flavor.
(5b)
(i) Facilitating distribution to diverse markets.
(ii) Providing storage facilities to maintain egg quality.
(iii) Offering transportation services to reach distant markets.
(iv) Assisting in price negotiation between producers and retailers.
(v) Absorbing market risks by buying and selling eggs at stable prices.
(5c)
(i) Anthrax: Bacillus anthracis (affects cattle, sheep, and goats)
(ii) Coccidiosis: Various species of the protozoan parasite Eimeria (affects poultry)
(iii) Aspergillosis: Aspergillus spp. fungi (affects birds, particularly poultry)
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(5d)
(i) Genetic differences.
(ii) Environmental factors, such as nutrition and temperature.
(iii) Hormonal regulation.
(iv) Social factors, including dominance hierarchy and social interactions.
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