2025 Health Science / Health Education Practical WASSCE Questions & Answers
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Answers / Solutions
Question 1
- (a) The vector illustrated in the diagram is a rat.
- (b) Diseases transmitted by rats:
- (i) Leptospirosis
- (ii) Hantavirus
- (iii) Plague
- (c) Harmful effects of rats:
- (i) Transmission of diseases through contact with urine, droppings, or bites.
- (ii) Contamination of food and water supplies.
- (iii) Structural damage to properties due to gnawing.
- (d) Methods of controlling rats:
- (i) Sealing entry points to prevent access to buildings.
- (ii) Using traps or rodenticides in a safe and controlled manner.
- (iii) Maintaining cleanliness and proper waste management to reduce food sources.
Question 2
- (a) Methods of food preservation:
- X: Refrigeration
- Y: Smoking
- (b) Advantages of methods:
- (i) X (Refrigeration):
- Slows down the growth of bacteria, thereby extending the shelf life of perishable foods.
- Helps maintain the nutritional quality and taste of food by keeping it at a stable, cool temperature.
- (ii) Y (Smoking):
- Imparts a distinctive flavor to the food, enhancing its taste.
- Reduces moisture content, which inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi, thus preserving the food.
- (i) X (Refrigeration):
- (c) Other methods of food preservation:
- (i) Canning
- (ii) Freezing
- (iii) Dehydration
- (iv) Fermentation
Question 3
- (a) Causes of choking while eating:
- (i) Eating too quickly or gobbling food
- (ii) Not chewing food properly before swallowing
- (b) First aid for choking:
- (i) Encourage the person to cough to dislodge the object
- (ii) Perform the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts)
- (iii) Back slaps (for infants or children)
- (iv) Call for emergency medical help if the person is unable to breathe
- (c) Ways to prevent choking:
- (i) Chew food slowly and thoroughly before swallowing
- (ii) Avoid talking or laughing while eating
- (iii) Keep small objects out of reach of children
- (iv) Cut food into small, manageable pieces, especially for young children or elderly individuals.
Question 4
- (a) Bones of the foot:
- (i) Talus: This bone forms the lower part of the ankle joint.
- (ii) Calcaneus: Also known as the heel bone, it is the largest bone in the foot.
- (iii) Navicular: Located in front of the talus, it helps in forming the arch of the foot.
- (iv) Cuboid: Situated on the lateral side of the foot, it provides stability.
- (b) Types of joints found in the foot:
- (i) Hinge Joint: For example, the ankle joint, allowing for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.
- (ii) Gliding Joint: Found between the tarsal bones, allowing for slight movements.
- (c) Common injuries/ailments of the foot:
- (i) Sprains: Involving the ligaments, often due to twisting or overstretching.
- (ii) Fractures: Breaks in the bones, commonly occurring in the metatarsals or phalanges.
- (iii) Plantar Fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, causing heel pain.
- (d) Common fungal infection of the foot: Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis)
Question 5
- (a) First aid technique illustrated: Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
- (b) Conditions requiring mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (PICK ANY FIVE):
- (i) Drowning
- (ii) Choking
- (iii) Electric shock
- (iv) Drug overdose
- (v) Suffocation
- (vi) Cardiac arrest
- (vii) Asthma attack with respiratory failure
- (viii) Head trauma causing unconsciousness and stopped breathing
- (c) Steps in mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (PICK ANY FIVE):
- (i) Check if the victim is responsive and breathing.
- (ii) Call for emergency medical help.
- (iii) Place the victim on their back on a flat surface.
- (iv) Open the airway by tilting the head back and lifting the chin.
- (v) Pinch the nose shut and create a seal over the victim’s mouth.
- (vi) Give two slow breaths, watching for the chest to rise.
- (vii) Continue with one breath every 5–6 seconds if there's a pulse but no breathing.
- (viii) Recheck pulse and breathing every 2 minutes, and continue until medical help arrives.
- (d) Other methods of artificial respiration (PICK ANY THREE):
- (i) Mouth-to-nose resuscitation
- (ii) Chest compressions (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - CPR)
- (iii) Use of Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
- (iv) Compression-only CPR
- (v) Bag-valve-mask ventilation
- (vi) Mechanical ventilator support (in hospitals)
- (e) Personnel qualified to administer artificial respiration (PICK ANY FOUR):
- (i) Paramedics
- (ii) Nurses
- (iii) Doctors
- (iv) Trained first aiders
- (v) Lifeguards
- (vi) Firefighters
- (vii) Emergency medical technicians (EMTs)
- (f) Equipment used in artificial respiration (PICK ANY FOUR):
- (i) Pocket face mask
- (ii) Bag-valve mask (BVM)
- (iii) Oxygen cylinder with mask
- (iv) Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
- (v) Suction device
- (vi) Airway adjuncts (e.g., oropharyngeal airway)
- (vii) Resuscitation manikin (for training)
Question 6
- (a) Structure labelled Y: Upper jaw (Maxilla)
- (b) Ways to care for structure X (Teeth):
- (i) Brush teeth at least twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.
- (ii) Floss regularly to remove food particles between teeth.
- (iii) Avoid excessive sugary foods and drinks to prevent tooth decay.
- (iv) Visit a dentist regularly for checkups and professional cleaning.
- (c) Other structures associated with X (Teeth):
- (i) Teeth
- (ii) Gums
- (iii) Alveolar bone (socket of the teeth)
- (d) Specialist who cares for X (Teeth): Dentist
- (e) Types and functions of teeth (Structure X):
Four Types of Structures Labelled X One Function of Each Type (i) Incisors (i) Cutting and biting food (ii) Canines (ii) Tearing and holding food (iii) Premolars (iii) Crushing and grinding food (iv) Molars (iv) Grinding and chewing food - (f) Diseases associated with X (Teeth):
- (i) Dental caries
- (ii) Gingivitis
- (iii) Periodontitis
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Anonymous
ReplyDeleteThank of exposing us this kind of question before our turn of exam thanks may you live Long life
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