2023 W.A.S.S.C.E General Agriculture (Practical ) Questions & Answers {GHANA}

TUESDAY, 22nd August, 2023

8:30 hrs. – 10:30 hrs. (1 SET) 

12:00 hrs. – 15:10 hrs. (2 SET) 

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 PRACTICAL QUESTION

(1) Specimen A(NPK 15:15:15 )
Specimen B(Salt Block / Salt Lick)

(1) (a) (i)Explain the ratio in specimen A
 (ii)Give five reasons why a farmer would like to use specimen A on the farm.
 (iii) State two problems associated with the use of specimen A on the farm

(b) 

(i)Mention three benefits derived from the use of specimen B in agriculture.

 (ii)Name two nutrient elements that could be obtained by farm animals from consuming specimen B.


Specimen C (Cocoyam)
Specimen D (Ginger)
Specimen E (Onion)

(2a) Name the planting material for each of the specimens C, D and E.

b) Name the part of the plants represented by specimens C, Dand E.

 C(i) State two cultural practices undertaken in the cultivation of specimen C.

(ii) Name two pests that could attack specimen C. d) Mention two diseases that could infect specimen E. e) Give three use of specimen E.

Specimen F(Centrosema Pubescens)

Specimen G (Debeaker Pliers):

Specimen J (Mattock): 

(3a) (i)Mention four benefits derived from the use of specimen F in agriculture.

   (ii)Name three edible crops that could perform the same functions as specimen F on the farm.

b (i) Mention the management practice for which specimen G is used on the farm.

 (ii)State three conditions that would necessitate the use of specimen

G on the farm.

c (i) List three uses of specimen J on a farm.

  (ii)  Name one farm tool that could be used in place of specimen J.

Diagram K: Theodolite

Diagram L: Ranging Pole

4a  Give two uses of each of the specimens K and L.

   (b) Outline the steps involved in the use of both specimens K and L in a farm survey.

c) State three ways of maintaining specimen K.

d) State two ways of maintaining specimen L.

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(1)

Specimen A (NPK 15:15:15):

Specimen B (Salt Block):

Specimen C (Cocoyam):

Specimen D (Ginger):

a. Identification:

   - Specimen A (NPK 15:15:15): A balanced fertilizer with Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K).

   - Specimen B (Salt Block): A block of salt used for livestock mineral supplementation.

   - Specimen C (Cocoyam): A tuber crop, Xanthosoma spp.

   - Specimen D (Ginger): Zingiber officinale, a spice and medicinal plant.

b. Function:

   - Specimen A (NPK 15:15:15): Provides essential nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) to promote plant growth.

   - Specimen B (Salt Block): Provides essential minerals (sodium, chloride, trace minerals) for livestock health.

   - Specimen C (Cocoyam): Serves as a starchy food source for consumption.

   - Specimen D (Ginger): Used as a culinary spice and has potential medicinal properties.

c. Preservation of Specimen A (NPK 15:15:15): Store the fertilizer in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and direct sunlight, and in its original packaging or a tightly sealed container to prevent moisture absorption and nutrient breakdown.

d. Parts of Specimen D (Ginger):

   - Part I: Rhizome (underground stem)

   - Part II: Shoot Bud (growth point)

   - Part III: Root Buds (potential roots)

   - Part IV: Old Roots (from previous growth)

e. Functions of Parts I to IV:

   - Part I (Rhizome): Serves as the main storage organ for nutrients and energy.

   - Part II (Shoot Bud): Initiates new shoot growth and leaf development.

   - Part III (Root Buds): Can develop into new roots when planted, aiding in vegetative propagation.

   - Part IV (Old Roots): May still play a role in nutrient and water uptake, although they are older and less active than newer roots.

(2)
Specimen C (Cocoyam):

Specimen D (Ginger):

Specimen E (Onion):

a. Planting Material:

   - Specimen C (Cocoyam): Corms (underground stem structures).

   - Specimen D (Ginger): Rhizomes (underground stem structures).

   - Specimen E (Onion): Bulbs (underground storage structures).

b. Plant Parts Represented:

   - Specimen C (Cocoyam): Corm (underground stem storage organ).

   - Specimen D (Ginger): Rhizome (underground stem storage organ).

   - Specimen E (Onion): Bulb (underground stem storage organ).

c. Cultural Practices for Cocoyam:

   (i) Two cultural practices for the cultivation of Cocoyam:

   1. Weeding: Regular removal of weeds to reduce competition for nutrients and sunlight.

   2. Hilling-Up: Adding soil around the base of the plant to provide stability, improve drainage, and promote tuber development.

   (ii) Two pests that could attack Cocoyam:

   1. Cocoyam Beetle: Larvae of this beetle can damage corms and tubers, affecting yield.

   2. Aphids: These small insects can transmit viruses to cocoyam plants, causing damage and reducing quality.

d. Diseases of Onion:

   Two diseases that could infect specimen E (Onion):

   1. Downy Mildew: A fungal disease that causes yellow patches on leaves and reduces onion bulb quality.

   2. White Rot: A fungal disease that attacks the roots and base of onion plants, causing wilting and bulb decay.

e. Uses of Onion:

   Three uses of specimen E (Onion):

   1. Culinary Uses: Onions are used as a flavoring agent in various dishes and cuisines.

   2. Medicinal Uses: Onions have potential health benefits, including being antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory.

   3. Food Preservation: Onions can be used to flavor and preserve pickles, sauces, and other preserved foods.

(3)

Specimen F (Centrosema Pubescens):

Specimen G (Debeaker Pliers):

Specimen J (Mattock):

a. Benefits of Centrosema Pubescens:

   (i) Four benefits derived from the use of specimen F (Centrosema Pubescens) in agriculture:

   1. Nitrogen Fixation: Centrosema is a nitrogen-fixing legume that improves soil fertility.

   2. Forage Production: It provides high-quality forage for livestock, supporting their nutritional needs.

   3. Erosion Control: Centrosema's ground cover helps prevent soil erosion and degradation.

   4. Biodiversity: Its flowers attract pollinators and beneficial insects, promoting ecosystem health.

   (ii) Three edible crops that could perform similar functions as Centrosema Pubescens:

   1. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

   2. Soybean (Glycine max)

   3. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

b. Management Practice for Debeaker Pliers (Specimen G):

   (i) Specimen G (Debeaker Pliers) are used for the management practice of "Debeaking" in poultry farming.

   

   (ii) Three conditions that would necessitate the use of specimen G (Debeaker Pliers) on the farm:

   1. Preventing Cannibalism: To reduce the risk of birds pecking and injuring each other.

   2. Managing Aggression: Debeaking can help manage aggressive behavior among poultry.

   3. Controlling Feather Picking: To prevent birds from damaging each other's feathers.

c. Uses of Specimen J (Mattock):

   (i) Three uses of specimen J (Mattock) on a farm:

   1. Digging: Mattocks are used for digging and breaking up soil.

   2. Chopping: They can be used to chop roots and remove weeds.

   3. Clearing: Mattocks are used for clearing vegetation and preparing land for cultivation.

   (ii) Farm tool that could be used in place of specimen J (Mattock):

   A similar tool that could be used in place of a mattock is a pickaxe.

(4)

Diagram K: Theodolite:

Diagram L: Ranging Pole:

a. Uses of Specimens K and L:

   - Specimen K (Theodolite):

     1. Angle Measurement: Theodolites are used to measure horizontal and vertical angles in surveying.

     2. Triangulation: Theodolites are used for triangulation, which is the process of determining distances and locations based on angle measurements.

   - Specimen L (Ranging Pole):

     1. Reference Point: Ranging poles are used as reference points or markers in surveying to indicate specific locations.

     2. Measuring Distances: Ranging poles can be used to measure distances between points, especially when combined with other surveying equipment.

b. Steps Involved in Using Specimens K and L in a Farm Survey:

   Using Theodolite (K) and Ranging Pole (L) together in a farm survey:

   1. Set Up Theodolite: Place the theodolite on a stable platform and level it using a leveling bubble.

   2. Choose Reference Point: Set up the ranging pole (L) as a reference point at a known location on the farm.

   3. Sight the Ranging Pole: Look through the theodolite's telescope and aim it at the ranging pole.

   4. Take Angle Measurement: Use the theodolite's angular scales to measure the horizontal and vertical angles to the ranging pole.

   5. Record Data: Record the angle measurements and any additional notes.

   6. Move to New Point: Shift the theodolite to a new location and repeat steps 3 to 5.

   7. Calculate Distances: Use trigonometric calculations based on the angle measurements to determine distances between points.

c. Ways of Maintaining Specimen K (Theodolite):

   1. Regular Calibration: Ensure the theodolite is periodically calibrated to maintain measurement accuracy.

   2. Keep Optics Clean: Keep the telescope lens and other optical components clean to ensure clear sighting.

   3. Store Properly: Store the theodolite in a protective case or area to prevent damage from moisture, dust, and physical impact.

   4. Lubrication: Apply lubrication to moving parts as recommended by the manufacturer.

   5. Routine Inspection: Regularly inspect the theodolite for signs of wear, loose parts, or damage.

d. Ways of Maintaining Specimen L (Ranging Pole):

   1. Cleaning: Clean the ranging pole after use to remove dirt and debris.

   2. Check Stability: Ensure the bottom end of the pole is not damaged or bent, which could affect stability.

   3. Storage: Store the ranging pole in a dry and covered area to prevent warping or other damage.

   4. Marking: Use paint or other markers to label the pole for identification and visibility.

   5. Inspect Wear: Regularly inspect the pole for signs of wear, especially if it's frequently used in various field conditions.