2025 Animal Husbandry WASSCE Theory & Objectives - Questions & Answers
CLICK HERE TO GET EARLY QUESTIONS BEFORE THE EXAM
Answers / Solutions
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-OBJ
Question 1
- (ai) Oestrus synchronization:
Oestrus synchronization refers to the deliberate manipulation of the reproductive cycle in female animals so that a group of them come into heat at the same time. This is done using hormonal treatments to control or induce ovulation, making it easier to plan and carry out artificial insemination efficiently.
- (aii) Equipment used in artificial insemination:
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
- Artificial vagina
- Semen straw
- Insemination gun
- Straw cutter
- Thermometer
- Semen storage tank
- Lubricant
- Speculum
- (bi) Vaccination:
Vaccination is the administration of vaccines to livestock to protect them from specific infectious diseases. It helps to boost the animal's immune system so it can fight off future infections effectively, reducing disease outbreaks and increasing productivity.
- (bii) Feeding ad libitum:
Feeding ad libitum means providing animals with unlimited access to feed at all times. This allows the animals to eat whenever they want and as much as they need, which can promote better growth and weight gain, especially in poultry and livestock farming.
- (ci) Pre-slaughtering operations for poultry:
(PICK ONE ONLY)
- Withholding of feed
- Withholding of water
- Weighing of birds
- Health inspection
- (d) Complete the table:
- (i) Kit
- (ii) Lamb
- (iii) 8 - 12
- (iv) Kid
- (v) 12 - 16
- (vi) Calf
- (vii) Piglet
- (viii) 6 - 8
Question 2
- (ai) Ovulation:
Ovulation is the process by which a mature ovum (egg) is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, making it available for fertilization by sperm.
- (aii) Oestrus Cycle:
The oestrus cycle is the recurring reproductive cycle in female mammals, characterized by phases of sexual receptivity (heat) and non-receptivity.
- (aiii) Heat Period:
The heat period is the phase of the oestrus cycle when the female is sexually receptive and willing to mate.
- (aiv) Parturition:
Parturition involves the expulsion of the fetus and placenta from the uterus through the birth canal, marking the end of pregnancy and the beginning of the postpartum period.
- (b) Signs shown by a ewe during parturition:
(PICK ANY FIVE)
- Restlessness and pacing
- Separation from the flock
- Increased lying down and getting up
- Pawing or digging at the ground
- Discharge of mucus or blood-tinged fluid from the vulva
- Udder enlargement and teats filling with milk
- Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments and vulva
- (c) Components of an incubator:
(PICK ANY FIVE)
- Temperature control unit
- Humidity control unit
- Ventilation system
- Turning mechanism
- Egg tray or holder
- Heating element
- Thermometer
- Hygrometer
- (d) Endoparasites of farm animals:
(PICK ANY TWO)
- Roundworms (e.g., Ascaris)
- Tapeworms (e.g., Taenia)
- Hookworms (e.g., Ancylostoma)
- Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)
- Coccidia (e.g., Eimeria)
Question 3
- (a) Steps in silage making:
- Harvest the forage crop at the right stage of maturity.
- Chop the harvested forage into small pieces.
- Wilt the forage to reduce excess moisture content.
- Pack the chopped forage tightly into a silo or pit to exclude air.
- Cover the silo or pit with plastic sheeting to maintain anaerobic conditions.
- Allow the forage to ferment for several weeks before feeding.
- (b) Parts of the oviduct in a hen:
- Ovary
- Infundibulum
- Magnum
- Uterus
- Isthmus
- (c) Effects of overstocking in animal production:
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
- Increased competition for food and water
- Faster spread of diseases and parasites
- Poor growth and weight gain
- High mortality rate
- Destruction of pasture and vegetation
- Increased stress and aggression among animals
- Reduced productivity and reproduction rate
- (d) Forms in which feed can be presented to poultry:
(PICK TWO ONLY)
- Mash
- Pellets
- Crumbles
- Blocks
- (e) Causes of dystocia in farm animals:
(PICK THREE ONLY)
- Large size of the fetus
- Wrong positioning of the fetus
- Narrow birth canal
- Uterine inertia or weak contractions
- Multiple births or twins
- Malformation of the fetus
Question 4
- (a) Calculation of plant population:
To calculate plant population:
- Area of land = 200 m × 150 m = 30,000 m²
- Spacing = 50 cm × 50 cm = 0.5 m × 0.5 m = 0.25 m² per plant
- Number of planting spots = Total area / Area per plant
= 30,000 m² ÷ 0.25 m² = 120,000 spots - Germination percentage = 70%
- Expected plant population = 70% of 120,000 = 0.70 × 120,000 = 84,000 plants
- (b) Marketing agents for agricultural produce:
(PICK ANY FOUR)
- Wholesalers
- Retailers
- Distributors
- Cooperatives
- Transporters
- Middlemen
- (c) Reasons for low productivity of local breeds of cattle:
(PICK ANY FIVE)
- Poor nutrition and inadequate feeding
- Prevalence of diseases and parasites
- Poor housing and management practices
- Low genetic potential of local breeds
- Inadequate veterinary services
- Harsh climatic conditions
- Insecurity and theft
- (di) Fodder crop:
A fodder crop is a type of crop that is grown primarily to be harvested and fed to livestock, either green, dry, or as silage.
- (dii) Examples of fodder crops:
(PICK ANY THREE)
- Elephant grass
- Guinea grass
- Alfalfa
- Clover
- Stylosanthes
Question 5
- (ai) Quarantine:
Quarantine is a period of isolation or confinement of animals to prevent the spread of disease. It involves separating animals that may have been exposed to a disease from the rest of the herd or flock to prevent transmission.
- (aii) Immunity:
Immunity refers to the ability of an animal's body to resist infection or disease. It can be acquired through vaccination, previous exposure to a disease, or maternal antibodies passed from mother to offspring.
- (aiii) Zoonotic disease:
A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Examples include rabies, brucellosis, and salmonellosis.
- (b) Effects of liver fluke infestation in livestock:
- Reduced productivity: Liver fluke infestation can lead to reduced productivity in livestock, including weight loss, decreased milk production, and poor overall health.
- Increased mortality: Severe liver fluke infestation can lead to increased mortality rates in livestock.
- Veterinary costs: Liver fluke infestation can result in increased veterinary costs for treatment and control measures.
- Liver condemnation: Infected livers may be condemned at slaughter, resulting in economic losses for farmers.
- (c) Ways of controlling ticks in cattle:
- Insecticides.
- Good hygiene
- Regular inspection
- (di) Castes of bees in a colony:
- Queen bee
- Worker bees
- Drones
- (dii) Equipment used in beekeeping:
- Beehive
- Smoker
- Hive tool
- Bee brush
Question 6
- (a) Functions of blood in farm animals:
- Oxygen transport: Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.
- Nutrient transport: Blood carries nutrients from the digestive system to the body's tissues.
- Waste removal: Blood carries waste products from the body's tissues to the excretory organs.
- Immune function: Blood contains immune cells that help fight infection and disease.
- (bi) Pseudoruminants:
Pseudoruminants are animals that have a three-chambered stomach and a digestive system similar to ruminants, but with some key differences. They are able to digest and extract nutrients from plant-based foods, but their digestive system is not as complex as that of true ruminants.
- (bii) Examples of pseudoruminants:
- Horses
- Rabbits
- (c) Management practices for newborn lambs:
- Ensure adequate colostrum intake: Newborn lambs need to receive adequate colostrum from their mother to provide essential nutrients and antibodies.
- Monitor for hypothermia: Newborn lambs are susceptible to hypothermia, so it's essential to monitor their temperature and provide warmth if necessary.
- Ensure proper umbilical care: The umbilical cord should be treated with an antiseptic to prevent infection.
- (d) Components of the circulatory system in farm animals:
- Heart
- Arteries
- Veins
MORE ABOUT AARONS EASY LEARNING:
🔥 Follow AaronsEasyLearning on
| Instagram | Threads | Telegram |
WhatsApp | 🆕 WhatsApp Channel | YouTube & LinkedIn. | Twitter |
What about animal husbandry practical
ReplyDelete