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GEOGRAPHY-ESSAY-ANSWERS
(2a)
(i) Access to Raw Materials: Industries often prefer to locate near sources of raw materials to minimize transportation costs and ensure a steady supply.
(ii) Labor Availability: The presence of a skilled and available workforce is crucial for industries. They tend to locate in areas with a large pool of skilled workers.
(iii) Transportation Infrastructure: Easy access to transportation networks, such as roads, railways, airports, and ports, is vital for efficient movement of goods and supplies.
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(iv) Proximity to Markets: Industries often choose locations close to their target markets to reduce transportation costs and ensure timely delivery of products.
(v) Energy Supply: Reliable and affordable access to energy sources, such as electricity and fuel, is essential for industrial operations. Industries often consider locations with stable energy supplies.
(2b)
(i) Agricultural Processing: Manufacturing industries in tropical Africa often focus on agricultural processing, such as food and beverage production, processing of raw materials like cocoa, coffee, and palm oil.
(ii) Export-Oriented: Many manufacturing industries in tropical African countries have a strong focus on export markets, aiming to generate foreign exchange and boost the economy.
(iii) Labor-Intensive: Manufacturing industries in this region often rely on a labor-intensive production process, employing a significant number of workers.
(iv) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): The manufacturing sector in tropical Africa is characterized by a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises, contributing to job creation and economic growth.
(v) Infrastructure Challenges: Manufacturing industries in this region often face infrastructure challenges, such as inadequate transportation networks, unreliable power supply, and limited access to modern technology.
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(3a)
(i) villages
(ii) hamlets
(3b)
(i) Food Production: Rural settlements are responsible for agricultural activities and food production. Urban areas depend on rural areas to supply them with food and agricultural products.
(ii) Raw Material Supply: Rural areas often serve as a source of raw materials for industries in urban settlements. Resources like timber, minerals, and natural resources are extracted from rural areas and used in urban manufacturing processes.
(iii) Labor Force: Rural areas contribute to the urban labor force. People from rural settlements often migrate to urban areas in search of employment opportunities, providing the workforce needed for urban industries and services.
(iv) Market for Goods and Services: Urban settlements rely on rural areas as markets for their goods and services. Urban businesses sell their products and services to rural consumers, creating a symbiotic relationship between urban and rural settlements.
(3c)
(i)Natural Resources: The availability of natural resources like water, fertile land, minerals, and energy sources can attract people to settle in an area. These resources provide the foundation for agriculture, industry, and economic development.
(ii)Transportation and Infrastructure: Accessible transportation networks, including roads, railways, and airports, facilitate the movement of people, goods, and services. Well-developed infrastructure, such as schools, hospitals, and utilities, also contributes to the growth and attractiveness of a settlement.
(iii)Economic Opportunities: The presence of job opportunities, diverse industries, and a thriving economy can attract people to settle in an area. Employment prospects, business opportunities, and a favorable economic climate are factors that favor settlement growth.
(iv)Social and Cultural Factors: Social and cultural amenities, such as educational institutions, healthcare facilities, recreational activities, and a vibrant community, can make a settlement more appealing and contribute to its growth.
(v)Government Support and Policies: Favorable government policies, incentives, and support for infrastructure development, business growth, and community services can encourage settlement growth. Proactive planning, governance, and investment in a settlement's development can create an environment conducive to growth.
4a)
(4b)
(i)Cultural Diversity: Nigeria is known for its rich cultural heritage and diversity.
(ii)Natural Beauty: Nigeria is blessed with diverse and breathtaking natural landscapes.
(iii)Wildlife and Safari: Nigeria is home to several national parks and wildlife reserves, such as Yankari National Park and Cross River National Park.
(iv)Historical and Archaeological Sites: Nigeria has a rich historical heritage with ancient cities, monuments, and archaeological sites.
(4c)
(i)Security Concerns: One of the major challenges is security. Incidences of crime, including kidnapping and terrorism, have had a negative impact on the perception of safety for tourists.
(ii)Infrastructure: Insufficient infrastructure, such as transportation networks, accommodation facilities, and tourist attractions, can hinder the growth of tourism.
(iii)Perception and Marketing: Nigeria often faces negative perceptions in terms of safety, corruption, and political instability.
(5a)
(i) Overcrowding: Rapid population growth can lead to overcrowding in urban areas, straining infrastructure and public services such as housing, transportation, and healthcare.
(ii) Poverty: Rapid population growth can exacerbate poverty rates as resources become stretched thin and job opportunities may not keep up with the growing population.
(iii) Unemployment: A rapidly growing population can result in high unemployment rates, as there may not be enough jobs to meet the demands of the expanding workforce.
(iv) Environmental degradation: Rapid population growth can put additional pressure on natural resources and lead to deforestation, pollution, and depletion of water sources, impacting the environment and ecosystems.
(v) Inadequate healthcare: With a rapidly growing population, there can be a strain on healthcare systems, leading to inadequate access to medical facilities, healthcare professionals, and essential medicines.
(5b)
(i) Environmental conditions: The Niger Delta region is characterized by a challenging environment, including marshlands, swamps, and mangrove forests, which makes it less suitable for large-scale habitation.
(ii) Oil industry activities: The Niger Delta region is a major hub for oil extraction and production, which has led to environmental degradation, pollution, and health concerns. These factors might discourage people from residing in the area.
(iii) Insecurity: The Niger Delta region has also faced security challenges, such as militancy and conflicts related to the control of oil resources, which may deter people from settling in the region.
(iv) Lack of infrastructure: The region suffers from inadequate infrastructure, including roads, electricity, and healthcare facilities, making it less attractive for people to live and work in compared to other regions of Nigeria.
(v) Limited economic opportunities: The Niger Delta region, despite being rich in natural resources, has not seen significant economic development and diversification. Limited job opportunities and income potential might discourage people from living in the area.
(vi) Historical marginalization: The Niger Delta region has faced a history of marginalization and neglect by the government, resulting in poor governance, limited social amenities, and a lack of development initiatives, contributing to low population density in the region.
(Q9b) Three ways in which river basins promote development in Africa are:
1. Water supply and irrigation: River basins provide a reliable source of water for agricultural activities. The water can be used for irrigation, allowing farmers to cultivate crops and increase agricultural production. This boosts food security and stimulates economic development in rural areas.(ads)
2. Hydropower generation: Many river basins in Africa have the potential for hydropower generation. Building dams and harnessing the water's energy can provide electricity to communities, industries, and infrastructure. This improves access to modern amenities, stimulates economic growth, and enhances the overall development of the region.
3. Transportation and trade: River basins often serve as important transportation routes. Navigable rivers facilitate the movement of goods and people, connecting remote areas to markets and trade centers. This promotes economic integration, boosts trade, and encourages the growth of industries along the riverbanks.
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(Q9c) Three physical factors that contribute to the slow development of the desert environment are:
1. Limited water resources: Deserts are characterized by low precipitation and scarce water resources. The lack of water hinders agricultural activities and limits the availability of drinking water for human and animal populations. This creates challenges for sustainable development and economic growth in desert regions.
2. Harsh climate conditions: Deserts experience extreme temperatures, with scorching heat during the day and cold nights. These inhospitable climate conditions make it difficult for human settlement and agricultural practices. The harsh environment poses health risks and limits the types of economic activities that can thrive in the region.(ads)
3. Barren and infertile soil: Deserts often have nutrient-poor and infertile soil, which makes it challenging to cultivate crops and sustain agriculture. The lack of fertile soil limits the potential for agricultural production and livelihood opportunities for local communities. This, in turn, hampers economic development and perpetuates the cycle of poverty in desert environments.
GEOGRAPHY -OBJ1-10: DBCADBBAAD
11-20: DBDBAABAAD
21-30: DDABBDCCDC
31-40: DCCAABDCBC
41-50: BDAABADBBC
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