SATURDAY, 18th November, 2023
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SECTION A: THE ENVIRONMENT
1a) Identify any four socio-cultural practices that bind Ghanaians together.
- Extended Family System: Ghanaians often have strong ties with their extended family members, and support is expected within this larger family unit.
- Naming Ceremonies: The act of naming a child is a significant socio-cultural practice that brings families and communities together.
- Traditional Festivals: Ghanaians celebrate various traditional festivals, fostering a sense of cultural identity and unity.
- Respect for Elders: Respecting and honoring elders is a common socio-cultural practice that binds Ghanaians together.
1b) Discuss any four ways by which expensive funeral celebrations negatively affect the development of the family in Ghana.
- Financial Strain: Expensive funerals can place a heavy financial burden on families, diverting resources from more productive uses.
- Debt Accumulation: Families may incur debts to fund lavish funerals, leading to long-term financial challenges.
- Inheritance Disputes: Disputes over the deceased's property and assets may arise, negatively impacting family cohesion.
- Distorted Priorities: Excessive focus on elaborate funerals may lead to neglect of important developmental needs, such as education and healthcare.
2a) Highlight four causes of adolescent irresponsible behavior in society.
- Peer Pressure: Adolescents may engage in irresponsible behavior due to the influence of peers.
- Lack of Parental Guidance: Insufficient guidance from parents can contribute to irresponsible behavior in adolescents.
- Media Influence: Exposure to negative media influences can shape the behavior of adolescents.
- Socioeconomic Factors: Economic challenges and disparities may lead to behavioral problems among adolescents.
2b) In what four ways can parents meaningfully resolve parent-child conflicts?
- Open Communication: Encouraging open and honest communication can help parents and children understand each other better.
- Conflict Resolution Skills: Teaching and modeling effective conflict resolution skills can foster healthier relationships.
- Setting Clear Expectations: Establishing clear expectations and boundaries helps prevent conflicts from arising.
- Seeking Professional Help: In cases of persistent conflicts, involving a counselor or mediator can facilitate resolution.
3a) Define the following systems of inheritance:
- Patrilineal: Inheritance is traced through the male line, with property and titles passing from father to son.
- Matrilineal: Inheritance is traced through the female line, with property passing from mother to daughter.
- Testate: Inheritance based on a legally valid will.
- Intestate: Inheritance without a valid will, governed by legal succession.
3b) Justify four reasons for which you would support the extended family system in Ghana.
- Social Support: The extended family provides a strong social support system during times of need.
- Cultural Preservation: Supporting the extended family helps preserve cultural traditions and values.
- Child Welfare: Children often benefit from the care and guidance of multiple family members in the extended family.
- Economic Cooperation: Joint economic activities within the extended family contribute to financial stability.
4a) Identify two agents of socialization in Ghanaian society.
- Family: The family plays a crucial role in socializing individuals, transmitting cultural values and norms.
- Education System: Schools and educational institutions contribute significantly to the socialization process.
4b) In what four ways has formal education improved the lives of Ghanaians?
- Economic Opportunities: Formal education opens up economic opportunities, enhancing individuals' earning potential.
- Health Awareness: Education contributes to increased health awareness and healthier lifestyles.
- Social Mobility: Education serves as a pathway for social mobility, allowing individuals to improve their socio-economic status.
- Civic Engagement: Formal education fosters civic responsibility and participation in societal development.
SECTION B: GOVERNANCE, POLITICS, AND STABILITY
5) Outline five ways by which autocratic rule can be prevented in a democratic state.
- Strong Institutions: Developing and maintaining strong democratic institutions, including independent judiciary and media.
- Electoral Systems: Implementing transparent and fair electoral systems to ensure free and fair elections.
- Civil Society Participation: Encouraging active participation of civil society in governance and policy-making.
- Rule of Law: Upholding the rule of law and ensuring that leaders are accountable for their actions.
- Education and Awareness: Promoting civic education and awareness to empower citizens about their democratic rights.
6) Outline five reasons for which citizens are obliged to perform their responsibilities to the state.
- Social Contract: Citizens have a social contract with the state, where they receive protection and services in exchange for fulfilling responsibilities.
- National Security: Citizens' cooperation is essential for maintaining national security and protecting the nation from internal and external threats.
- Economic Stability: Fulfilling responsibilities, such as paying taxes, contributes to economic stability and development.
- Democratic Participation: Active citizen participation is crucial for the functioning of a democratic society.
- Social Harmony: Citizens' responsibilities contribute to social harmony and the overall well-being of the community.
7) Highlight five ways Ghana has benefited from the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD).
- Economic Growth: NEPAD initiatives have contributed to economic growth and development in Ghana.
- Infrastructure Development: NEPAD projects have supported infrastructure development, enhancing connectivity and accessibility.
- Agriculture and Food Security: NEPAD programs have aimed at improving agriculture and ensuring food security.
- Health and Education: NEPAD initiatives have had positive impacts on health and education outcomes in Ghana.
- Regional Integration: NEPAD promotes regional cooperation and integration, fostering collaboration among African nations.
8) Economic Diversification and Job Creation:
Description: Governments can stimulate economic growth by diversifying the economy and creating job opportunities. This involves investing in industries beyond traditional sectors, supporting entrepreneurship, and providing incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Job creation not only reduces unemployment but also increases income levels, contributing to an improved standard of living.
Investment in Education and Skill Development:
Description: A well-educated and skilled workforce is crucial for economic development and individual prosperity. Governments can invest in education at all levels, ensuring access to quality schooling and vocational training programs. By promoting lifelong learning and skill development, individuals are better equipped to secure employment, adapt to changing economic landscapes, and contribute meaningfully to society.
Social Welfare Programs and Safety Nets:
Description: Implementing effective social welfare programs helps protect vulnerable populations from poverty and improves overall living standards. This may include targeted cash transfer programs, food assistance, healthcare subsidies, and housing initiatives. Safety nets provide a buffer against economic shocks and ensure that basic needs are met for all citizens, contributing to a more equitable society.
Infrastructure Development:
Description: Robust infrastructure, including transportation, energy, and communication networks, is essential for economic development and improving the quality of life. Governments can invest in infrastructure projects to enhance connectivity, reduce transportation costs, and increase access to essential services. Improved infrastructure contributes to increased productivity, attracts investment, and enhances overall living standards.
Healthcare Access and Public Health Initiatives:
Description: Accessible and affordable healthcare is a fundamental component of an improved standard of living. Governments can invest in healthcare infrastructure, provide widespread access to healthcare services, and implement public health initiatives to prevent and manage diseases. A healthy population is more productive and faces fewer financial burdens due to medical expenses.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LOADING ( After Sharing the Link Check back)
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