WEDNESDAY, 12th July, 2023
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Our team of expert educators has carefully crafted comprehensive, accurate, and up-to-date answers and questions for this year’s exam, ensuring that you are fully equipped to tackle every challenge that comes your way.
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(1ai)
Food additives are substances added to food to enhance its flavor, texture, appearance or shelf life. They can be synthetic or derived from natural sources and include preservatives, colorants, flavor enhancers, stabilizers, thickeners, and emulsifiers. Food additives are used in processed, packaged foods, and restaurant foods to maintain their quality and appeal to consumers. Some food additives have been linked to health issues, which is why regulatory agencies such as the FDA require safety testing and labeling of additives.
(1aii)
(i)Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
(ii)Sodium nitrite
(1b)
(i)Source: Beef comes from cattle whereas poultry comes from birds such as chicken, turkey, and duck.
(ii)Nutritional content: Beef is generally higher in calories and fat content compared to poultry. Poultry is leaner and contains less fat and more protein, making it a good choice for those looking for a low-calorie, high-protein diet. Additionally, beef is a rich source of iron and zinc while poultry is rich in vitamin B12.
(1c)
(i)Wash your hands
(ii)Cleaning and Sanitizing
(2ai)
Bile - Bile plays a crucial role in digestion by emulsifying fats and breaking them down into smaller particles that can be easily absorbed by the body. It is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine.
(2aii)
Insulin - Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates glucose metabolism in the body by helping cells absorb sugar from the blood. It plays an important role in digestion by controlling the uptake and utilization of glucose by the body's cells, which is essential for providing energy to the body.
(2b)
(i)Both steaming and boiling use water as a cooking medium. In steaming, food is cooked by the hot steam generated from boiling water, while in boiling, food is cooked in hot water.
(ii)Both cooking methods are relatively quick and simple, and they are ideal for cooking vegetables, grains, and seafood. They are also healthy cooking methods that help preserve the nutritional value of the food being prepared.
(2c)
A hostess is a woman who is responsible for receiving and entertaining guests in her home or at a social event. She is responsible for ensuring that her guests are comfortable, have access to refreshments, and are enjoying themselves. A hostess may plan and organize parties or events, manage the guest list, and take care of the decor and other details.
(4a)
(i) Entertainment: It refers to any activity or performance that is intended to amuse, entertain, or engage an. It can include a wide range of activities such as music, dance, theater, movies, sports, games, and social events.
(ii) Food Budgeting: It is the process of planning and managing the amount of money spent on food. It involves creating a budget that outlines how much money is available for food and how it will be allocated to various food categories such as groceries, dining out, and snacks.
(iii)Pasteurization: It is a process of heating food or liquid to a specific temperature for a specific duration to kill all harmful microorganisms that may be present.
(4b)
(i)Undernutrition is a condition of inadequate intake of nutrients, which can lead to malnutrition, stunting, and wasting. It usually caused by poverty, food insecurity, and lack of access to nutritious food.
Overnutrition, on the other hand, is a condition of excessive intake of nutrients, which can lead to obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other health problems. It is usually caused by the consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and a sedentary lifestyle.
(ii)Undernutrition can lead to a range of health problems such as weak immune systems, impaired physical and mental development, and increased vulnerability to infectious diseases.
Overnutrition, on the other hand, can lead to a range of health problems such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. Both undernutrition and overnutrition can compromise a person's health and well-being, but they affect the body in different ways.
