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INSTRUCTION; ANSWER THREE(3) QUESTIONS ONLY
(1ai)The cell theory states that:(i) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.(ii) The cell is the basic unit of life.(iii) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
(1aii)(i) Robert Hooke, who discovered cells in 1665 and coined the term "cell".
(ii) Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, who proposed the cell theory in 1839-1840.
(1bi)(i) Large, brightly colored petals that attract insects.(ii) Nectar-producing glands to feed the insects.(iii) A strong, sweet fragrance to attract the insects.(iv) A landing platform for the insects to rest on.(v) Pollen that is sticky and easily attaches to the insects.
(1bii)- Ginger: Rhizome- Banana: Rhizome- Sweet potato: Tuber
(1c) (i) The mouth mechanically breaks down the bread by chewing and mixes it with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin breaking down the carbohydrates in the bread.
(ii) The esophagus moves the food down to the stomach, where it is mixed with stomach acid and enzymes that further break down the bread.
(iii) The small intestine absorbs the nutrients from the bread, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, into the bloodstream.
(iv) The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining food waste, forming feces.
(v) The rectum stores feces until they can be eliminated through the anus.
(2ai)Amoeba ---> Hydra ---> Tilapia ---> Toad ---> Snake
(2aii)(i) Small, lightweight seeds that can be easily carried by the wind.
(ii) Hairs or wings on the fruit that increase surface area and help to catch the wind.
(iii) A dry, papery fruit that splits open easily to release the seeds.
(2b)=Aim:=To determine if the shoot of a plant is positively phototropic.
=Apparatus:=A potted plant, a light source, a ruler, a marker.
=Method/Procedure:=(i) Place the plant in a dark room for 24 hours to ensure that it is not positively or negatively phototropic.
(ii) Place the light source at a fixed distance from the plant, with the light shining directly on the plant's shoot.
(iii) Turn on the light source and leave it on for 24 hours.(iv) After 24 hours, measure the distance between the tip of the shoot and the light source.
(v) Mark the new position of the shoot tip on the ruler.
(vi) Repeat the experiment two more times, moving the light source to a different position each time.
=Observation:=The shoot of the plant will grow towards them light source, bending in the direction of the light.
=Conclusion:=The shoot of a plant is positively phototropic and grows towards a light source.
(2c)[TABULATE]
=Aerobic Respiration=(i) Occurs in the presence of oxygen(ii) Produces a large amount of ATP(iii) Carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products
=Anaerobic Respiration=(i) Occurs in the absence of oxygen(ii) Produces a small amount of ATP(iii) Lactic acid or ethanol is produced as a waste product
(3ai)- Rivers- Lakes
(3aii)TABULATE
=Complete Metamorphosis=(i) Four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult.(ii) Larva looks completely different from the adult.
=Incomplete Metamorphosis=(i) Three stages: egg, nymph, adult.(ii) Nymph looks similar to the adult, just smaller.
(3b)- Aim: To determine if chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis to take place.
- Apparatus: Two plants of the same species, one with leaves covered in aluminum foil, a light source, test tube, water, and a beaker.
- Method/procedure: Place one plant in a dark room and cover its leaves with aluminum foil. Place the other plant in front of a light source. After a few hours, pluck a leaf from each plant and place them in separate test tubes filled with water. Place the test tubes in a beaker and keep them in the dark.
INSTRUCTION; ANSWER THREE(3) QUESTIONS ONLY
(1ai)
The cell theory states that:
(i) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
(ii) The cell is the basic unit of life.
(iii) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
(1aii)
(i) Robert Hooke, who discovered cells in 1665 and coined the term "cell".
(ii) Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, who proposed the cell theory in 1839-1840.
(1bi)
(i) Large, brightly colored petals that attract insects.
(ii) Nectar-producing glands to feed the insects.
(iii) A strong, sweet fragrance to attract the insects.
(iv) A landing platform for the insects to rest on.
(v) Pollen that is sticky and easily attaches to the insects.
(1bii)
- Ginger: Rhizome
- Banana: Rhizome
- Sweet potato: Tuber
(1c)
(i) The mouth mechanically breaks down the bread by chewing and mixes it with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin breaking down the carbohydrates in the bread.
(ii) The esophagus moves the food down to the stomach, where it is mixed with stomach acid and enzymes that further break down the bread.
(iii) The small intestine absorbs the nutrients from the bread, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, into the bloodstream.
(iv) The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining food waste, forming feces.
(v) The rectum stores feces until they can be eliminated through the anus.
(2ai)
Amoeba ---> Hydra ---> Tilapia ---> Toad ---> Snake
(2aii)
(i) Small, lightweight seeds that can be easily carried by the wind.
(ii) Hairs or wings on the fruit that increase surface area and help to catch the wind.
(iii) A dry, papery fruit that splits open easily to release the seeds.
(2b)
=Aim:=
To determine if the shoot of a plant is positively phototropic.
=Apparatus:=
A potted plant, a light source, a ruler, a marker.
=Method/Procedure:=
(i) Place the plant in a dark room for 24 hours to ensure that it is not positively or negatively phototropic.
(ii) Place the light source at a fixed distance from the plant, with the light shining directly on the plant's shoot.
(iii) Turn on the light source and leave it on for 24 hours.
(iv) After 24 hours, measure the distance between the tip of the shoot and the light source.
(v) Mark the new position of the shoot tip on the ruler.
(vi) Repeat the experiment two more times, moving the light source to a different position each time.
=Observation:=
The shoot of the plant will grow towards them light source, bending in the direction of the light.
=Conclusion:=
The shoot of a plant is positively phototropic and grows towards a light source.
(2c)
[TABULATE]
=Aerobic Respiration=
(i) Occurs in the presence of oxygen
(ii) Produces a large amount of ATP
(iii) Carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products
=Anaerobic Respiration=
(i) Occurs in the absence of oxygen
(ii) Produces a small amount of ATP
(iii) Lactic acid or ethanol is produced as a waste product
(3ai)
- Rivers
- Lakes
(3aii)
TABULATE
=Complete Metamorphosis=
(i) Four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult.
(ii) Larva looks completely different from the adult.
=Incomplete Metamorphosis=
(i) Three stages: egg, nymph, adult.
(ii) Nymph looks similar to the adult, just smaller.
(3b)
- Aim: To determine if chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis to take place.
- Apparatus: Two plants of the same species, one with leaves covered in aluminum foil, a light source, test tube, water, and a beaker.
- Method/procedure: Place one plant in a dark room and cover its leaves with aluminum foil. Place the other plant in front of a light source. After a few hours, pluck a leaf from each plant and place them in separate test tubes filled with water. Place the test tubes in a beaker and keep them in the dark.
