15th May Health Science (2023 WASSCE) Science Questions and Answers.

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Health Education/Health Science 3

(Alternative to Practical Work) –

09:30am - 11:15am

ANSWERS LOADING .......................👇👇

1a.

(I) Air pollution

(II) Noise pollution.

1b.

(I) Air pollution can negatively affect the respiratory system (lungs), causing difficulty in breathing, coughing, wheezing, and other respiratory problems.

(II) Noise pollution can negatively affect the ears, causing hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and other ear-related problems.

(III) Air pollution can also negatively affect the eyes, causing irritation, inflammation, and other eye-related problems.

(IV) Noise pollution can also negatively affect the nervous system, causing headaches, anxiety, stress, and other mental health problems.

To implement pollution control measures such as using filters and other technologies to reduce emissions and noise levels. They could also implement a proper waste management system to prevent pollution.

1d.

(I) Increased risk of respiratory problems such as asthma and lung cancer due to air pollution.

(II) Increased risk of hearing loss, tinnitus, and other ear-related problems due to noise pollution.

(III) Increased risk of anxiety, stress, and other mental health problems due to constant exposure to pollution and noise.

(4a) The postural defects illustrated in the diagrams are:

A: Lordosis

B: Kyphosis

C: Scoliosis

D: Forward head posture

Health Education

2c)

1. Adequate ventilation

2. Access to natural light

3. Access to safe and clean water supply

4. Soundproofing

5. Appropriate fire safety measures

6. Appropriate insulation

7. Durable and low-maintenance building materials

(4a) The postural defects illustrated in the diagrams are:

A: Lordosis

B: Kyphosis

C: Scoliosis

D: Forward head posture

4b) Three causes of the illustrated postural defects include:

1. Poor posture habits, such as slouching or hunching over for extended periods.

2. Weakness or imbalances in the muscles responsible for maintaining proper posture.

3. Structural abnormalities or injuries to the spine or surrounding muscles.

HEALTH PRACTICAL

(1a)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Air pollution

(ii) Water pollution

(iii) Noise pollution

(1b)

(i) The eye

(ii) The nose

(iii) The ear

(iv) The skin

(1c)

(PICK ANY ONE)

(i) Government should implement and enforce stricter regulations

(ii) Government should promote cleaner production technologies

(iii) Government should encourage sustainable practices

(iv) Governemnt should support renewable energy sources

(v) industrial pollution and involving them in decision-making processes can lead to more effective solutions.

(vi) Governments should provide assistance to communities affected by industrial pollution.

(1d)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Water pollution can cause waterborne diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and long-term health issues.

(ii) Prolonged exposure to excessive noise can lead to hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbances, and cardiovascular problems.

(iii) Living in close proximity to industrial sites can cause chronic stress, anxiety, and mental health issues due to the noise pollution.

(iv) Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals and gases can lead to respiratory problems, aggravate existing conditions like asthma, and increase the risk of lung cancer.

HEALTH PRACTICAL

(5a)

(i) Lung cancer

(ii) Mental health disorders

(iii) Cardiovascular disease

(iv) Stroke

(5b)

(i) Peer pressure

(ii) Low self-esteem

(iii) Social or environmental factors

(5c)

(i) Secondhand smoke exposure: Non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke can develop various health problems, such as lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke.

(ii) Economic costs: Smoking can cause a significant economic burden on society. It can lead to increased healthcare costs, decreased work productivity, and premature death, which can have devastating effects on families.

(iii) Environmental pollution: Smoking contributes to environmental pollution by releasing toxic chemicals into the air, soil, and water. This pollution can affect wildlife, vegetation, and even entire ecosystems.

4b) Three causes of the illustrated postural defects include:

1. Poor posture habits, such as slouching or hunching over for extended periods.

2. Weakness or imbalances in the muscles responsible for maintaining proper posture.

3. Structural abnormalities or injuries to the spine or surrounding muscles.

NIGERIA & THE GAMBIA

WAEC 2023 BIOLOGY PRACTICAL SPECIMEN

(3a) Each candidate should be provided with the following groups of specimens

Specimen A – Mature fresh eggs of catfish.

Specimen B – Fresh egg of domestic fowl (raw, with shell intact).

Specimen C – Picture/model/chart of uterus containing a foetus.

Specimen D – Longitudinal section of ovary of Pride of Barbados flower.

Specimen E – Leaf of Pride of Barbados.

Specimen F – Panicum plant/Guinea grass (whole plant).

Specimen G – Cocoyam plant/Caladium plant (whole plant).

Specimen H – Corm of cocoyam.

Specimen J – Dry humus in a beaker.

Specimen K – Moist humus in a beaker.

Specimen L – Ripe orange fruit (whole).

Specimen M – Longitudinal section of coconut fruit.

Specimen N – Longitudinal section of fresh chilli pepper fruit.

NB:

(i) All specimens can be provided as group specimens for five (5) to ten (10) candidates.

(ii) All specimens must carry individual labels (e.g. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, and N).

(3b) It is essential that each candidate should be provided with the following materials:

(i) hand lens/magnifying lens;

(ii) scalpel/razor blade /knife;

(iii) pair of forceps;

(iv) hand gloves;

(v) spatula;

(vi) Petri dish;

(vii) Fehling’s solutions A and B;

(viii) iodine solution.

(4) Report Forms are provided separately on which you are required to:

(a) supply the necessary information about the specimens;

(b) report on any difficulty in the conduct of examination;

(c) report any particular difficulty experienced by any candidate during the conduct of the examination, especially of the examiner would be unable to discover these from the scripts;

(d) carry out and record experimental observations as directed in the Report Form.

(5) You must enclose a completed Report Form in each envelope of scripts.